File Formats

File Formats vary in size, quality and use. It is essential to know what are the kinds of file formats there are because not all formats work on all platforms or where you are viewing the material.

Raster - are pixel based, larger file size, same as a bitmap
Vector - Consists of lines and points, smaller file size and preserves the quality of the image
Lossless - preserves image quality
Lossy - compresses image

An Example of Vector Image

File Formats
Images:

Jpeg - best for photos, small size, can support 16.8 million colors, used for web, slr camera image format
Gif - can support animations, 256 colors, used for web, can be transparent, small size
Png - can support 16.8 million colors, used for web, larger file size compared to the above
Psd - photoshop document, large file size, preserves layers and quality
Tiff - usually a flat image but can also have layers just like psds, but the layers can only be opened in photoshop, large file size, preserves quality
AI - adobe illustrator document, vector based

Video:

mp4 - is the jpeg equivalent in video
avi - is the psd equivalent in video
mpeg -
3gp -
mov - dslr video format

Audio:

mp3 - is the jpeg equivalent in audio
wav -
wma -
ogg - for web
midi - its like the psd equivalent but with a smaller file size, like the vector of audio formats

Calling Card Design Samples

For our Color Theory and Principles of Design Class after discussing about the topic of C.R.A.P.

C.R.A.P. stands for Contrast, Repetition, Aligntment and Proximity

Technicalities in Colors

If someone knows the capabilities and limits, it is easy to understand and will have more ease in making something work or solve a problem.

Just like our eyes and the computer screen, our eyes have the wider range of colors that we see, while the screen has a little less.

There are times that if we print pictures, it won't print exactly the same set of colors as we see it on screen or in reality. Basically Eyes>Screen>Print

RGB (Red, Green Blue) is for light




While CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black) is for print



Color Spaces




There are a set of color spaces that can be based upon, the first one is the Lab Color:
Unlike the RGB and CMYK color models, Lab color is designed to approximate human vision.

ProPhoto RGB

is an output referred RGB color space developed by Kodak. It offers an especially large gamut designed for use with photographic output in mind. The ProPhoto RGB color space encompasses over 90% of possible surface colors in the CIE L*a*b* color space, and 100% of likely occurring real world surface colors making ProPhoto even larger than the Wide Gamut RGB color space. The ProPhoto RGB primaries were also chosen in order to minimize hue rotations associated with non-linear tone scale operations. One of the downsides to this color space is that approximately 13% of the representable colors areimaginary colors that do not exist and are not visible colors.


The Adobe RGB color space is an RGB color space developed by Adobe Systems, Inc. in 1998. It was designed to encompass most of the colors achievable on CMYK color printers, but by using RGB primary colors on a device such as the computer display. The Adobe RGB color space encompasses roughly 50% of the visible colors specified by the Lab color space as well as improves upon the gamut of the sRGB color space, primarily in cyan-greens.




sRGB defines the chromaticities of the red, green, and blue primaries, the colors where one of the three channels is nonzero and the other two are zero. The gamut of chromaticities that can be represented in sRGB is the color triangle defined by these primaries. As with any RGB color space, for non-negative values of R, G, and B it is not possible to represent colors outside this triangle, which is well inside the range of colors visible to a human.

Mostly used in Web Designing.

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References:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_space
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRGB
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProPhoto_RGB_color_space
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lab_color_space